The dependence of changes of galectin-1 and galectin-3 subcellular distribution on prostate pathogenesis

Author: Elene Davitashvili
Co-authors: Elene Davitashvili, Nino Kvitsinadze, Iveta Megrelishvili
Keywords: galeqtinebi, prostate, pathology
Annotation:

The galectins, beta-galactoside-specific lectins play an active role in different biological processes, as embryogenesis, adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, bacteria colonization, in develop of many pathological processes, including the oncogenesis. The galectins revealed the specific functions, what can be use for diagnostics and treatment of prostate cancer. They identified as factors of cell transformation and participates in tumor progression and metastasis. The prostate gland galactose-specific lectins, including the galectins, also play an important role in the transformation of human prostate. The prostate galectins participates in gland tumorigenesis. The prostate cells content the galectin-1 and galectin-3, these lectins participates in gland transforming process. But data about their role are contradictory. Galectin-3, known as a multifunctional oncogenic protein involved in the regulation tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis and located in mitochondria, cytoplasm and nucleus. The subcellular localization of galectins defines the role and functions of galectins. Currently, the role of prostate galectins (galectin-1 and galectin-3) and their subcellular localization has been studied just at BPH and carcinoma diagnoses. There is poor information about lectins from LGPIN/HGPIN and AAH diagnoses tissues. Several morphological lesions such as AAH and high grade PIN have been identified as precancerous lesions of the prostate Therefore, the goal of our experiments were the study of distribution of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in subcellular fractions (cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, plasma membrane) isolated from prostate post-operative tissue with various diagnoses (benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH, intraepithelial neoplasia,PIN, atypical adenomatose hyperplasia, AAH) by polyclonal antibodies with immunoblotting analyses. The galectins were identified with primer antibody (Santa Cruz), than by using of peroxidise labelled antibody. The visualization carried out by chemiluminescence substrate. The obtained results were compared with fraction of benign hyperplasia tissue. The electrophoretic bands of galectines were analysed by the computer program (Lab Work Program) by quantitative changes of optical density (Areal Tool, Optical Density). An optical density measurement was recalculation per 1 microgram protein of sample. Obtained results revealed the differences in subcellular distributions of galectins. Gal-1 and Gal-3 have been identified in mitochondria, plasma membrane and cytoplasm and nucleus fractions of all tested diagnoses of prostate tissue. Gal-3 was shown in mitochondria, rough membrane of nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm, but Gal-1 – in plasma membrane and in fraction of rough membrane of nucleus. Experimental results indicate the quantitative analyses of galectins will be define the risk of prostate cancer develop.